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Table 2 Clinical and follow-up data of the patients

From: Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation on refractory aggression in pediatric patients with autism and severe intellectual disability: meta-analytic review

Author

Year

Etiology

Clinical features

Comorbidities

Pre-DBS Treatment

Indication of DBS?

Follow-up in months (Range)

Benedetti-Isaac

2015

1 TS, 2 cryptogenic

IAB, SID, SASD

DRE, Epi

FNA, FBTL, LVTA, OXZA

RUA

PTE1-2: 36 y 48 months; PTE3: 2 months

Benedetti-Isaac

2021

Cryptogenic

IAB, SID

N/A

Pharmacological, psychological

RUA

18 months

Benedetti-Isaac

2023a

Cryptogenic

IAB, SASD

N/A

CNA, VPO, ARZ, Qna, DPM, psychological

RUA

18 months

Benedetti-Isaac

2023b

Cryptogenic

IAB, SID

N/A

BNA y psychological

RUA

18 months

Escobar-Vidarte

2022

Cryptogenic

IAB, SID, ASD

Epi, DS

Pharmacological

RUA

48 months (2-10 years)

Franzini

2013

Cryptogenic

IAB; SID

Epi

CLP, DPM, CHZE, CLNE, BRPM, HPL.

RUA, Epi

PTE 1:60 months; PTE 2: 36 months

Giordano

2016

PH

MID; IAB

PS

LTM, CNA, HPL, SRT, CHZE, CL, VA, RNA, CLP.

RUA, IED

22 months

Harat

2021

Tourette Syndrome

IAB; MID, SASD, SIB, Previous DBS (PTE1)

Vocal and motor tics; Epi, OCD

TPO, PDA, HZA, TNO;

RUA

PTE1: 36 months; PTE2:84 months

Heiden

2022

HIE

SIB, SASD

N/A

Pharmacological

RUA

6 months.

Kakko

2019

Cryptogenic

MID, ASD, IAB, SIB

Epi, TD

VPO, RNA, CLO, HPL; FTA; CLP; DPM; VPO

SIB, TD

N/A

López-Ríos

2022

CdCS

HSCR, ASD, SID, IAB, SIB

Epi, NDD

CNA, RNA, ARZ

RUA

48 monts

Maley

2010

Congenital, BHA

IAB; MID

BD, Depression, DA

CNA, OLZA, kLP, CLP, BNA

RUA

24 months

Micieli

2017

SS, Hypothy, Epi, TS, WS, MTS.

MID, SID, IAB

WS, Epi

DXINA

RUA

27 months

Park

2017

N/A

ASD, ID, SIB

GTC, Impulsivity

AV, TPO, QNA, FNA, psychological

RUA, SIB

24 months

Stoco

2014

1 cromosomic; 1 cryptogenic

SIB, Stereotip, TD

PA, Anxiety

RNA, BNA, TRCS

Stereotypies, RUA

PTE1: 13 months; PTE2: 6 months

Sturm

2012

Cryptogenic

SASD, SID, SIB

KS, ICP

y psychological

RUA

24 months

Torres

2013

SO

SID, SIB, SASD, IAB

Eretism, DRA

TPO, RNA, ARZ, LZPM

Eretism, RUA

163 months (13.5 years)

2020

GBPA, VPO, LTM, OLZA

  1. Etiology. TS Tuberous Sclerosis, HIE Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, HSCR Hirschsprung’s Disease, BHA Bilateral Hippocampal Atrophy, SS Sotos Syndrome, Hypothy Hypothyroidism, Epi Epilepsy, WS West Syndrome, MTS Mesial Temporal Sclerosis so: Stereotatic operation, PH perinatal hypoxia, N/A Not available. Clinical Features. IAB Intractable Aggressive Behavior, SID Severe Intellectual Disability, SASD Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder, MID Moderate Intellectual Disability, SIB Self-injurious Behavior, ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder, ID Intellectual Disability, CdCS Cri du Chat syndrome, PS Psychomotor retardation. Comorbidities. DRE Drug-Resistant Epilepsy, DS Dravet Syndrome, OCD Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, TD Tardive Dyskinesia, NDD Neurodevelopmental Delay, BD Bipolar Disorder, DA Drug Abuse, GTC Generalized Tonic–Clonic, PA Progressive Arthritis, KS Kanner Syndrome, ICP Infantile Cerebral Palsy, DRA Drug-Resistant Aggressiveness, AX Anxiety. Indication of DBS. RUA Reduce Uncontrolled Aggressiveness, TD Tardive Dyskinesia, IED Intermittent explosive disease. Pharmacological treatment: CNA Carbamazepine, VA Valproic acid, DTO Divalproate, QNA Quetiapine, RNA Risperidone, BRPM Bromazepam, CNA Clozapine, CLP Clonazepam, CLNE Clotiapine, LZP Lorazepam, FNA Phenytoin, FBTL Phenobarbital, LVTA Levetiracetam, ARZ Aripiprazole, DPM Diazepam, BNA Benzodiazepine, PZE Promazine, CHZE Chlorpromazine, TPO Topiramate, ZA Hydroxyzine, PO Valproate, OLZA Olanzapine, kLP Klonopin, XINA Dexmedetomidine, TRCS Tricyclics, LZPM Lorazepam, GBPA Gabapentin, LTM Lithium, PDA Pimozide, CLO Chlorprothixene, TNO Thioxanthene, HPL Haloperidol, FTA Phenothiazine, SRT Sertraline, CL Clomipramine. Indication of DBS. RUA Reduce Uncontrolled Aggressiveness, TD Tardive Dyskinesia
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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