Table 1 Application of theoretical components
Music intervention | Theoretical components | Intervention activity |
|---|---|---|
Orff music | Dance | 1. Pair–pair interaction: Each pair walked around in rhythm. When they heard a bell, they stopped walking and hugged any other mother–child pair. |
Orff music | Movement | 1. Researcher–pairs interaction: Each pair to show ‘hello’ and ‘goodbye’ gestures. 2. Mother-child interaction: Massage some parts of their child’s body according to the rhythm of the music. |
Orff music | Music | 1. Researcher–pair interaction: Various instruments were displayed, allowing participants to select and play them according to their preferences. |
Orff music | Language | 1. Pair-pair interaction: When the researcher played ‘Looking for Friends’ on the piano and sang the lyrics ‘Try to find a good friend’, each pair followed the rhythm to change their positions and spontaneously performed actions they had chosen themselves with another pair. |
Mozart music | Listening to Mozart music | 1. Mothers were required to play Mozart’s music, including the first three movements of ‘Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos K448’, using WeChat/Himalaya software as background music during daily parent–child activities, with no special restrictions on the time to play that music. |