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Table 2 Hierarchical logistic regression of predictors of paediatric depression in all infants and children

From: The role of breastfeeding, antibiotics and antimalarial medicinal exposure in paediatric depression amongst children aged under 5: a population-based study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Predictors

ß

Exp(ß) (95% CI)

ß

Exp(ß) (95% CI)

ß

Exp(ß) (95% CI)

Antibiotics (Amoxicillin)

−0.003

0.997 (0.719, 1.382)

−0.008

0.992 (0.715, 1.375)

0.000

1.019 (0.727, 1.427)

Antibiotics (Cotrimoxaz)

0.595

1.812 (0.956, 3.435)

0.605

1.831 (0.966, 3.471)

0.444

1.559 (0.814, 2.988)

Antibiotics (Herbal)

0.020

1.020 (0.654, 1.589)

0.015

1.015 (0.651, 1.583)

−0.058

0.944 (0.597, 1.492)

Antimalaria (ACT)

0.499c

1.647 (1.262, 2.150)

0.501c

1.650 (1.264, 2.153)

0.565c

1.760 (1.316, 2.355)

Antimalaria (Fansidar)

0.047

1.048 (0.606, 1.813)

0.026

1.026 (0.592, 1.777)

0.008

1.008 (0.575, 1.770)

Antimalaria (Chloroquine)

0.490a

1.632 (1.022, 2.604)

0.477a

1.612 (1.009, 2.574)

0.460

1.584 (0.982, 2.556)

Antimalaria (Amodiaquine)

0.411

1.508 (0.720, 3.157)

0.416

1.516 (0.724, 3.176)

0.569

1.766 (0.834, 3.738)

Antimalaria (Quinine/pills)

0.601

1.824 (0.787, 4.227)

0.588

1.801 (0.777, 4.177)

0.649

1.914 (0.815, 4.494)

Antimalaria (Quinine/inject)

−0.307

0.736 (0.449, 1.205)

−0.296

0.744 (0.454, 1.219)

−0.255

0.775 (0.467, 1.285)

Antimalaria (Artesunate/rectal)

0.275

1.316 (0.686, 2.523)

0.292

1.339 (0.698, 2.569)

0.420

1.522 (0.779, 2.973)

Antimalaria (Artesunate/inject)

0.536b

1.710 (1.137, 2.573)

0.546b

1.726 (1.147, 2.598)

0.563b

1.757 (1.150, 2.684)

Breastfeeding (ever)

  

−0.330b

0.719 (0.581, 0.890)

−0.254a

0.776 (0.625, 0.963)

Age (in days)

    

0.000

1.000 (1.000, 1.000)

Gender (M/F)

    

−0.011

0.989 (0.886, 1.105)

Weight (MICS/NICS)

    

0.200c

0.819 (0.768, 0.873)

Area (urban/rural)

    

0.055

1.057 (0.910, 1.227)

Education (mothers)

    

−0.303c

0.738 (0.649, 0.840)

Childs functional difficulties

    

0.366b

1.442 (1.146, 1.814)

Ethnicity(tribe)

    

0.071

1.074 (0.954, 1.209)

Wealth index

    

−0.028

0.972 (0.920, 1.027)

Medical (fever)

    

−0.132

0.876 (0.746, 1.030)

Medical (cough)

    

0.213b

1.238 (1.067, 1.436)

Nagelkerke R 2

0.010

 

0.012

 

0.040

 

Cox & Snell R 2

0.007

 

0.009

 

0.030

 

−2 Log likelihood

7199.049

 

7189.666

 

7076.719

 

No. of observations

31,103

 

31,103

 

31,103

 

Model Chi-square

37.471c

 

46.854c

 

159.801c

 
  1. Note. Coding: Unless otherwise indicated, all predictor variables except for age, weight, and wealth index, are dummy variables, coded as ‘Yes’ (1), ‘No’ (0)). Gender is coded as ‘Male’ (1), ‘Female’ (0). Geographical area is coded as ‘Urban’ (1) vs ‘Rural’ (0). Education (mothers) is coded as ‘None’ (0), ‘Primary’/‘Secondary’/‘Higher’ (1). Ethnicity (of household head) is coded as ‘Hausa’/‘Igbo’/‘Yoruba’/‘Fulani’ (1), ‘Other’ (0). ACT = Artemisinin-based combination therapy; MICS = Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys; NICS = National Immunization Coverage Survey. ‘No’ includes ‘don’t know’ and no response. a p ≤ 0.05, b p ≤ 0.01, c p ≤ 0.001,
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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