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Table 3 Hierarchical logistic regression of predictors of paediatric depression in male infants and children

From: The role of breastfeeding, antibiotics and antimalarial medicinal exposure in paediatric depression amongst children aged under 5: a population-based study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Predictors

ß

Exp(ß) (95% CI)

ß

Exp(ß) (95% CI)

ß

Exp(ß) (95% CI)

Antibiotics (Amoxicillin)

−0.174

0.840 (0.526, 1.342)

−0.175

0.840 (0.526, 1.341)

−0.128

0.879 (0.544, 1.423)

Antibiotics (Cotrimoxaz)

0.342

1.408 (0.579, 3.423)

0.349

1.418 (0.583, 3.448)

0.236

1.266 (0.508, 3.157)

Antibiotics (Herbal)

0.462

1.587 (0.824, 3.054)

0.457

1.579 (0.820, 3.041)

0.371

1.449 (0.738, 2.846)

Antimalaria (ACT)

0.783c

2.188 (1.490, 3.212)

0.788c

2.199 (1.498, 3.229)

0.853c

2.347 (1.547, 3.559)

Antimalaria (Fansidar)

−0.180

0.835 (0.417, 1.674)

−0.198

0.820 (0.409, 1.645)

−0.159

0.853 (0.416, 1.746)

Antimalaria (Chloroquine)

0.536

1.709 (0.865, 3.377)

0.524

1.689 (0.854, 3.339)

0.514

1.672 (0.833, 3.354)

Antimalaria (Amodiaquine)

0.231

1.260 (0.351, 4.528)

0.226

1.254 (0.349, 4.508)

0.485

1.624 (0.444, 5.933)

Antimalaria (Quinine/pills)

0.422

1.525 (0.506, 4.598)

0.406

0.501 (0.497, 4.528)

0.448

1.565 (0.509, 4.812)

Antimalaria (Quinine/inject)

−0.239

0.788 (0.412, 1.504)

−0.231

0.793 (0.415, 1.516)

−0.192

0.826 (0.420, 1.622)

Antimalaria (Artesunate/rectal)

0.596

1.815 (0.769, 4.287)

0.607

1.834 (0.776, 4.335)

0.789

2.200 (0.914, 5.298)

Antimalaria (Artesunate/inject)

0.571a

1.770 (1.020, 3.071)

0.581a

1.788 (1.030, 3.105)

0.552

1.736 (0.977, 3.084)

Breastfeeding (ever)

  

−0.241

0.786 (0.589, 1.050)

−0.158

0.854 (0.637, 1.146)

Age (in days)

    

0.000

1.000 (1.000, 1.000)

Weight (MICS/NICS)

    

−0.183c

0.833 (0.762, 0.910)

Area (urban/rural)

    

0.053

1.055 (0.858, 1.296)

Education (mothers)

    

−0.332c

0.717 (0.599, 0.859)

Childs functional difficulties

    

0.314

1.369 (0.991, 1.892)

Ethnicity(tribe)

    

0.136

1.145 (0.970, 1.352)

Wealth index

    

−0.038

0.962 (0.892, 1.038)

Medical (fever)

    

−0.100

0.905 (0.719, 1.139)

Medical (cough)

    

0.068

1.070 (0.869, 1.318)

Nagelkerke R 2

0.016

 

0.017

 

0.045

 

Cox & Snell R 2

0.012

 

0.013

 

0.034

 

−2 Log likelihood

3682.286

 

3679.599

 

3621.728

 

No. of observations

15,799

 

15,799

 

15,799

 

Model Chi-square

32.023c

 

34.709c

 

92.581c

 
  1. Note. Coding: Unless otherwise indicated, all predictor variables except for age, weight, and wealth index, are dummy variables, coded as ‘Yes’ (1), ‘No’ (0)). Geographical area is coded as ‘Urban’ (1) vs ‘Rural’ (0). Education (mothers) is coded as ‘None’ (0), ‘Primary’/‘Secondary’/‘Higher’ (1). Ethnicity (of household head) is coded as ‘Hausa’/‘Igbo’/‘Yoruba’/‘Fulani’ (1), ‘Other’ (0). ACT = Artemisinin-based combination therapy; MICS = Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys; NICS = National Immunization Coverage Survey. ‘No’ includes ‘don’t know’ and no response. a p ≤ 0.05, b p ≤ 0.01, c p ≤ 0.001,
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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