Table 1 Characterization of the study sample. BRISA Birth Cohort - São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, 2011–2012
From: Intrauterine growth restriction and sugar consumption at two years of age in the BRISA cohort
Variable | Mean | Standard deviation |
|---|---|---|
Total energy from sugar | 69,67 | 84,74 |
Total grams of sugar | 11,78 | 14,33 |
Percentage of energy from sugar | 6,11 | 7,78 |
Maternal age | 26.52 | 5.43 |
Number of children | 1.84 | 4.24 |
Birth weight | 3.291 | 465.71 |
n | % | |
|---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Female | 281 | 50.81 |
Male | 272 | 49.19 |
Type of birth | ||
Cesarean section/forceps | 279 | 50.45 |
Vaginal | 274 | 49.55 |
IUGR | ||
Yes | 84 | 15.19 |
No | 469 | 84.81 |
Mother’s occupation | ||
Manual work | 174 | 31.46 |
Non-manual work | 106 | 19.17 |
Does not work | 273 | 49.37 |
Maternal schooling | ||
Zero - Eight years | 57 | 10.31 |
Nine - Eleven years | 426 | 77.03 |
Twelve or more years | 70 | 12.66 |
Socioeconomic status | ||
A/B | 96 | 17.36 |
C | 382 | 69.08 |
D/E | 553 | 13.56 |
Mother’s skin color | ||
White/yellow/oriental | 94 | 17.00 |
Brown/mixed-race | 374 | 67.63 |
Black | 85 | 15.37 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | ||
Malnutrition | 34 | 6.15 |
Eutrophy | 380 | 68.72 |
Obesity | 35 | 6.72 |
Overweight | 104 | 18.81 |
Gestational hypertension | ||
Yes | 46 | 8.32 |
No | 507 | 91.68 |
Gestational diabetes | ||
Yes | 19 | 3.44 |
No | 534 | 96.56 |
Smoking during pregnancy | ||
Yes | 19 | 3.44 |
No | 534 | 96.56 |
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||
Yes | 126 | 22.78 |
No | 427 | 77.22 |