Table 3 Association of parental, fetal, and neonatal factors with the “unhealthy” cluster groups.
Risk factor | Cluster I vs. Cluster II | Cluster III vs. Cluster II | Cluster IV vs. Cluster II | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 2.021*** (1.953, 2.091) | 0.655*** (0.624, 0.687) | 2.181*** (2.090, 2.276) | |
Sex | Boys | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Girls | 0.765*** (0.684, 0.855) | 1.231** (1.087, 1.394) | 0.994 (0.846, 1.167) | |
Delivery mode | Vaginal delivery | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Cesarean section | 1.178** (1.055, 1.315) | 0.686*** (0.606, 0.777) | 1.208* (1.028, 1.420) | |
Assisted reproduction | No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 0.550** (0.360, 0.839) | 0.634 (0.395, 1.017) | 1.006 (0.589, 1.716) | |
Twins | No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 0.902 (0.624, 1.303) | 1.096 (0.736, 1.630) | 0.759 (0.425, 1.356) | |
Infancy feeding | Pure breastfeeding | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Partial breastfeeding | 0.783*** (0.696, 0.880) | 0.718*** (0.628, 0.820) | 0.767** (0.644, 0.913) | |
Non-breastfeeding | 1.331** (1.087, 1.628) | 0.884 (0.695, 1.124) | 1.410* (1.070, 1.858) | |
Full-term birth | Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
No | 1.034 (0.865, 1.237) | 0.891 (0.723, 1.098) | 1.034 (0.797, 1.342) | |
Maternal age | 1.187*** (1.170, 1.205) | 1.006 (0.990, 1.022) | 1.197*** (1.173, 1.221) | |
Paternal age | 1.157*** (1.142, 1.173) | 1.028*** (1.013, 1.044) | 1.173*** (1.152, 1.194) | |
Maternal overweight/obesity | No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 1.360*** (1.217, 1.520) | 0.602*** (0.529, 0.687) | 1.499*** (1.273, 1.763) | |
Paternal overweight/obesity | No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 1.535*** (1.349, 1.747) | 0.909 (0.793, 1.043) | 1.673*** (1.371, 2.042) | |