Table 1 Demographic and clinical profile of participants
Characteristics | FAM, N = 40 | FANM, N = 40 | Control, N = 40 | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.74 |
Male | 16 (40.00) | 19 (47.50) | 19 (47.50) | Â |
Female | 24 (60.00) | 21 (52.50) | 21 (52.50) | Â |
Age, Mean ± SD, years | 3.00 ± 1.64 | 2.65 ± 1.44 | 2.75 ± 1.49 | 0.58 |
Mode of delivery | Â | Â | Â | 0.64 |
Vaginal delivery | 25 (62.50) | 22 (55.00) | 21 (52.50) | Â |
Cesarean delivery | 15 (37.50) | 18 (45.00) | 19 (47.50) |  |
Gestational weeks, Mean ± SD, weeks | 38.70 ± 1.14 | 38.75 ± 1.01 | 38.75 ± 1.08 | 0.97 |
Birth weight, Mean ± SD, g | 3.06 ± 0.36 | 3.25 ± 0.31 | 3.32 ± 0.70 | 0.06 |
Birth height, Mean ± SD, cm | 49.33 ± 1.40 | 49.65 ± 0.92 | 49.98 ± 1.48 | 0.08 |
BAZ, Mean ± SD | -1.69 ± 0.86 | -0.17 ± 0.79 | 0.07 ± 0.59 | < 0.01 |
Duration of breastfeeding, Mean ± SD, months | 9.15 ± 4.17 | 8.43 ± 5.19 | 9.10 ± 6.46 | 0.80 |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â | 0.12 |
Junior high school and below | 2 (5.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (7.50) | Â |
Senior high school | 3 (7.50) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (7.50) | Â |
Bachelor degree | 3 (7.50) | 8 (20.00) | 3 (7.50) | Â |
Postgraduate and above | 32 (80.00) | 32 (80.00) | 31 (77.50) | Â |
Maternal occupation |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
Clerks | 11 (27.50) | 29 (72.50) | 26 (65.00) | Â |
Housewives | 7 (17.50) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (12.50) | Â |
Others | 22 (55.00) | 11 (27.50) | 9 (22.50) | Â |
Household average monthly income | Â | Â | Â | 0.56 |
≤ 8000 yuan | 11 (27.50) | 5 (12.50) | 6 (15.00) |  |
8001–10,000 yuan | 2 (5.00) | 5 (12.50) | 6 (15.00) |  |
10,001–12,000 yuan | 6 (15.00) | 6 (15.00) | 6 (15.00) |  |
≥ 12,001 yuan | 21 (52.50) | 24 (60.00) | 22 (55.00) |  |
Feeding difficulty scores, Mean ± SD | 55.40 ± 5.28 | 52.85 ± 5.62 | 47.53 ± 3.57 | < 0.01 |
Total IgE, Mean ± SD, IU/mL | 123.85 ± 73.13 | 158.87 ± 37.27 | 60.00 ± 55.10 | 0.44 |