Table 1 Characterization of the variables studied in children enrolled in Municipal Early Childhood Education Centres (n = 112), a municipality south of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2024
From: Impact of inflammation on anemia in children: a cross-sectional study
Variable | Description N = 112 | |
|---|---|---|
General characteristics | ||
Sex | Female | 50 (44.6)1 |
Age (n = 112) | Months | 28.13 ± 7.952 |
Ethnicity (n = 85) | White | 55 (64.7)1 |
Prenatal (n = 112) | Yes | 104 (92.9) |
Maternal education (n = 106) | Elementary School | 21 (18.8) |
Gestational age (n = 103) | Pre-term | 8 (7.8) |
Type of delivery (n = 112) | Caesarean section | 35 (33.6) |
Dietary habits | ||
Current breastfeeding (n = 104) | Yes | 15 (14.4)1 |
Current infant formula (n = 106) | Yes | 57 (53.8)1 |
Current cow's milk (n = 103) | Yes | 71 (68.9)1 |
Time exclusive breastfeeding (n = 103) | Months | 6 (4.0;6.0)3 |
Time total breastfeeding (n = 65) | Months | 10 (5.5;14.0)3 |
Age at the start of infant formula (n = 53) | Months | 4.0 (2.0;7.5)3 |
Age of onset of cow's milk (n = 58) | Months | 12.0 (7.5;12.0)3 |
Use of Iron Supplements (n = 107) | Yes | 89 (83.2)1 |
Health follow-up, socioeconomic status | ||
Follow-up with a pediatrician (n = 109) | Yes | 95 (87.1)1 |
Family Health Strategy (n = 107) | Yes | 80 (74.7)1 |
Cash Transfer Program (n = 109) | Yes | 25 (22.9)1 |
Family economic situation (n = 112) | > B2 | 60 (53.6)1 |
Food and Nutritional Insecurity (n = 112) | No | 53 (48.2)1 |
Anthropometric indicators | ||
BMI/age z score (n = 108) | < −2 (Thinness) | 2 (1.8)1 |
−2 to + 1 (Eutrophy) | 67 (62.1) | |
> + 1 (Overweight) | 39 (36.1) | |
Height/Age z-score (n = 108) | < −2 (Short stature for age) | 27 (25.0)1 |
Dietary pattern (0–23 months) | ||
Minimum dietary diversity (n = 39) | Yes | 28 (71.0)1 |
Minimum frequency of meals (n = 39) | Yes | 35 (89.4)1 |
Frequency of milk consumption (n = 39) | Yes | 26 (66.7)1 |
Minimum acceptable diet (n = 39) | Yes | 35 (89.4)1 |
Egg and/or meat consumption (n = 39) | Yes | 31 (79.5)1 |
Consumption of sweet drinks (n = 39) | Yes | 19 (48.7)1 |
Consumption of unhealthy foods (n = 39) | Yes | 22 (56.4)1 |
Zero vegetable consumption (n = 39) | No | 35 (89.7)1 |
Classification of anemia | ||
Anemia (n = 112) | Yes | 58 (51.8)1 |
Microcytic/hypochromic anemia (n = 112) | Yes | 20 (17.9)1 |
Iron deficiency (n = 112) | Yes | 89 (79.5)1 |
Markers of inflammation | ||
hsCRP (n = 112) | mg/L | 2.05 (0.57; 5.93)3 |
Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein (n = 112) | g/L | 1.30 ± 0.422 |
Iron profile markers and anemia | ||
Hemoglobin | g/dL | 11.07 ± 0.922 |
Red blood cells | mm3 | 4.41 ± 0.362 |
MCV (n = 112) | fL | 79.90 ± 4.232 |
MCHC (n = 112) | g/dL | 31.46 ± 0.932 |
RDW (n = 112) | % | 14.33 ± 1.272 |
Ferritin (n = 112) | ng/mL | 43.01 ± 24.742 |
Iron (n = 112) | μg/dL | 55.56 ± 29.632 |
Transferrin saturation index (n = 112) | % | 14.56 ± 7.742 |
Soluble Transferrin Receptor (n = 112) | mg/L | 1.23 ± 0.742 |
Hepcidin (n = 112) | ng/mL | 0.76 ± 0.592 |