Sociodemographic and clinical indicators associated with quality of life among parents of autistic children

John, James Rufus; Lam-Cassettari, Christa; Dissanayake, Cheryl; Eapen, Valsamma

doi:10.1186/s12887-025-05682-w

BMC Pediatrics

Table 4 Linear regression models showing clinical risk factors associated with quality of life in autism (QoLA)

From: Sociodemographic and clinical indicators associated with quality of life among parents of autistic children

Variables	QoLA Part A		QoLA Part B
Variables	Unadjusted β (95% CI)	Adjusted model^† β (95% CI)	Unadjusted β (95% CI)	Adjusted model^† β (95% CI)
Parental Stress Index (PSI)	-0.48 (-0.55, -0.41)**	-0.42 (-0.53, -0.31)**	-0.39 (-0.46, -0.31)**	-0.36 (-0.49, -0.22)**
ADOS-2 calibrated severity scores	-0.05 (-1.13, 1.03)	-0.26 (-2.03, 1.50)	-0.17 (-1.26, 0.92)	-0.90 (-2.93, 1.12)
Child Behavioural Checklist (CBCL)
Internalising problem score	-0.59 (-0.78, -0.41)**	-0.66 (-0.99, -0.33)**	-0.80 (-0.99, -0.61)**	-0.86 (-1.23, -0.50)**
Externalising problem score	-0.44 (-0.59, -0.28)**	-0.54 (-0.81, -0.26)**	-0.60 (-0.76, -0.44)**	-0.62 (-0.93, -0.31)**
Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) total score	-0.62 (-0.91, -0.33)**	-0.80 (-1.29, -0.31)**	-0.92 (-1.23, -0.62)**	-0.85 (-1.41, -0.29)**
Repetitive Behaviours Scale– Revised (RBS-R) total score	-0.09 (-0.22, 0.03)	-0.24 (-0.43, -0.04)**	-0.27 (-0.40, -0.15)**	-0.27 (-0.47, -0.06)**
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale (VABS-2)
Communication	0.06 (-0.06, 0.17)	0.04 (-0.13, 0.21)	0.20 (0.09, 0.32)**	0.22 (0.02, 0.41)**
Daily living skills	0.16 (0.04, 0.28)**	0.13 (-0.08, 0.34)	0.21 (0.08, 0.33)**	0.27 (0.02, 0.51)**
Socialisation	0.22 (0.05, 0.39)**	0.09 (-0.19, 0.37)	0.42 (0.25, 0.60)**	0.49 (0.18, 0.81)**
Motor living skills	0.18 (0.05, 0.31)**	0.21 (-0.02, 0.43)	0.26 (0.13, 0.40)**	0.43 (0.17, 0.68)**
Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) domains
Visual reception	-0.21 (-0.40, -0.01)**	-0.10 (-0.42, 0.23)	0.01 (-0.19, 0.22)	0.33 (-0.04, 0.69)
Receptive language	-0.22 (-0.40, -0.04)**	-0.15 (-0.47, 0.16)	0.07 (-0.12, 0.27)	0.17 (-0.19, 0.52)
Expressive language	-0.19 (-0.38, -0.01)**	-0.13 (-0.45, 0.18)	-0.01 (-0.21, 0.19)	0.13 (-0.22, 0.48)
Fine motor	-0.14 (-0.39, 0.12)	-0.18 (-0.65, 0.29)	0.07 (-0.19, 0.34)	0.47 (-0.05, 0.99)

NA– Not included in the multivariable model either due to not meeting the p-value threshold of 0.20 or due to multicollinearity
^†Adjusted for key sociodemographic covariates– child’s age, child’s sex, CALD status, other medical conditions (for QoLA part B adjusted model only), sibling’s ASD diagnosis, carer’s disability, and annual family income
MSEL gross motor was not reported in the regression modelling due to very low observations which would result in unstable estimates and low statistical power

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ISSN: 1471-2431

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