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Table 3 Comparison of preoperative anxiety levels categorized by VAS-A scores across three groups at different time points

From: Play dough or balloon blowing? A clinical trial comparing creative interventions for reducing preoperative anxiety in children aged 4–8 years

Measurement times

Groups

(n = 90)

No anxiety

(0)

Mild anxiety

(10–30)

Moderate anxiety

(40–70)

Severe anxiety

(80–100)

P value 

T0

BB (n = 30)

0

14

16

0

X 2 = 1.07, 2, P = 0.58

PD(n = 30)

0

16

14

0

Control(n = 30)

0

12

18

0

T1

BB(n = 30)

0

16

14

0

X 2 = 21.11, 2,

P < 0.001

PD(n = 30)

0

18

12

0

Control(n = 30)

0

2

28

0

T2

BB(n = 30)

0

15

15

0

X 2 = 19.57, 2,

P < 0.001

PD(n = 30)

0

19

11

0

Control(n = 30)

0

0

30

0

  1. VAS-A: Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety, PD: Play Dough, BB: Balloon Blowing, *Chi-square