Table 3 Family history, medication use, Helicobacter pylori, symptoms, radiology and laboratory findings of patients with perforated peptic ulcers

Bülbül and Şalcı, 2024. [15]

Gastric

(n = 8, 72.7%)

Duodenal (n = 3, 27.3%)

0.6 (0.5–1.0)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Abdominal pain (n = 10, 90.9%), vomiting (n = 4, 36,4%), and confusion (n = 1, 9,1%)

Free air under the diaphragm was detected in all patients (n = 11, 100%) on standing direct abdominal radiograph or computed tomography

N/A

Wang et al., 2023. [16]

Gastric (n = 21, 70%)

Duodenal (n = 9, 30%)

Laparoscopy group (0.8 ± 1.7)

Laparotomy group (1.0 ± 2.0)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Abdominal pain (n = 30, 100%), peritoneal sign (n = 30, 100%), and

hypotension (n = 7, 23.3%)

Free air under the diaphragm (n = 30, 100%)

Laparoscopy group (n = 19, 63.3%);

CRP = 9.42 ± 39.42

Laparotomy group (n = 11, 36.7%);

CRP = 41.14 ± 40.64

Shen et al., 2023. [17]

Duodenal (n = 45, 100%)

0.5 (0.2–1.0)

N/A

N/A

Surgery group (n = 8, 62%), and conservative group (not specified)

Surgery group (n = 13);

abdominal pain (n = 13, 100%), onset of abdominal pain within 24 h (n = 6, 50%), vomiting (n = 10, 76.9%), fever (n = 11, 84.6%)

Conservation group (n = 32);

abdominal pain (n = 32, 100%), onset of abdominal pain within 24 h (n = 24, 75%), vomiting (n = 24, 75%), fever (n = 21, 65.6%)

Free air under the diaphragm;

standing direct abdominal radiograph (n = 15, 33.3%)

CRP = 16.5 (8.75, 95) mg/dl

Leukocytes (×10⁹/L) = 13.8 ± 4.52

Sayan et al., 2021. [18]

Duodenal (n = 9, 100%)

All ulcers were < 2 cm

N/A

NSAID (n = 7, 77.8%)

N/A

Abdominal pain (n = 9, 100%), loss of appetite (n = 9, 100%), and vomiting (n = 9, 100%)

Free air under the diaphragm;

standing direct abdominal radiograph (n = 6, 66.7%)

N/A

Yan et al., 2019. [19]

Gastric (n = 9, 45%)

Duodenal (n = 11, 55%)

0.6 (0.5–1)

n = 6 (33.3%)

Corticosteroids (n = 2, 10%)

n = 6 (30%)

Abdominal pain (n = 10, 50%)

(duration of abdominal pain = 72 (5-120) hours),

abdominal distension (n = 9, 45%),

vomiting (n = 13, 65%),

hematochezia (n = 3, 15%), and

melena (n = 2, 10%)

Free air under the diaphragm;

standing direct abdominal radiograph (n = 16, 80%)

N/A

Reusens et al., 2016. [20]

Gastric (n = 4, 80%)

Duodenal (n = 1, 20%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

n = 2 (40%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Wong et al., 2015. [21]

Gastric (n = 2, 15.4%)

Duodenal (n = 11, 84,6%)

Laparoscopy group (0.5 ± 0.2)

Laparotomy group (2.4 ± 0.5)

N/A

NSAID (n = 1, 7.7%)

Corticosteroids (n = 1, 7.7%)

n = 2 (15%)

Acute onset of abdominal pain (n = 13, 100%)

Free air under the diaphragm;

standing direct abdominal radiograph (n = 3, 23.1%), and CT scan (n = 2, 15.4%)

N/A

Yildiz et al., 2014. [22]

Duodenal (n = 9, 100%)

N/A

n = 6 (66.7%)

N/A

n = 5 (urea breath test)

Abdominal pain (n = 6, 66.7%)

Free air under the diaphragm; standing direct abdominal radiograph (n = 3, 33.3%)

N/A

Hua et al., 2007. [23]

Gastric (n = 11, 21.2%)

Duodenal (n = 41, 78.8%)

N/A

n = 8 (15.4%)

N/A

n = 4 (not specified how many were tested for H. pylori)

Abdominal pain (n = 52, 100%), peritoneal sign (n = 49, 94.2%), vomiting (n = 22, 42.3%), fever (n = 6, 11.5%), hematemesis (n = 4, 7.7%).

Free air under the diaphragm; standing direct abdominal radiograph (n = 43, 82,7%)

N/A

Wong et al., 2006. [24]

Gastric (n = N/A)

Duodenal (n = N/A)

N/A

N/A

Corticosteroids (n = 1, 5.8%)

n = 16 (94.1%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Edwards et al., 2005. [25]

Gastric (n = 5, 31.3%)

Duodenal (n = 11, 68.7%)

N/A

N/A

NA/

n = 1

(four patients were tested)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Dunn et al., 1983. [26]

Duodenal (n = 12, 100%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Free air under the diaphragm;

standing direct abdominal radiograph (n = 12, 100%)

N/A