Table 2 Baseline group characteristics

Intubated (N)

22

12

10

1

Spontaneous breathing (N)

17

12

5

0.057

PEEP (cmH2O)

6 (5,7)

5 (5,7)

6 (6,7)

0.332

FiO₂ (%)

30 (23,43)

35 (28,50)

25 (21,30)

0.038

SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio (%)

330 (215,427)

271 (197,347)

382 (322,462)

0.044

Previous VE (N)

10

3

7

0.057

Hemodynamic support (N)

10

5

5

0.706

VIS (μg.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹)

0.0 (0.0,5.2)

0. 0 (0.0,5.1)

0.0 (0.0,16.4)

0.727

Heart rate (beats.min⁻¹)

148 (122,167)

150 (122,170)

145 (122,160)

0.722

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

41 (38,57)

41 (39,66)

41 (37,47)

0.607

Mottling (N)

7

3

4

0.662

Capillary refill time (s)

3 (3,4)

4 (3,4)

3 (3,4)

0.602

Urine output (mL.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹)

1.6 (0.8,2.5)

1.4 (0.8,2.4)

1.6 (0.8,2.7)

1

Lactate (mmol.L⁻¹)

2.7 (1.5–4.3)

2.5 (1.3–4.6)

2.7 (1.7–3.1)

0.970

LVEF (%)

70 (65–75)

67 (65–74)

73 (70,77)

0.049

VTI (cm)

9.3 (7.8,11.5)

9.6 (8.8,11.6)

7.9 (7.2,10.6)

0.092

SVi (mL.m⁻²)

14.5 (12.3,18.7)

14.5 (12.5,18.7)

14.6 (12.2,17.8)

0.943

Cardiac index (L.min⁻¹.m⁻²)

2.0 (1.4,3.2)

2.0 (1.6,3.3)

2.0 (1.5,2.7)

0.719

Presumed cause of hemodynamic failure

0.826

Hypovolemia (N)

18

9

9

Vasoplegia (N)

2

1

1

Cardiac dysfunction (N)

2

2

0

Mixed or unclassifiable (N)

5

3

2