| SIGN-checklist items | Overall rating |
---|
Authors | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.10 | 1.11 | |
---|
Armstrong 2017 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | / | + + | + + | + + | + + | Acceptable |
Arsenault 2011 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | / | + + | + + | + + | + + | Acceptable |
Battaglia 2021 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | / | + + | + + | + | + + | Acceptable |
Bénéfice 1998 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + | + + | Acceptable |
Chen 2022 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + | + + | Acceptable |
Chowdhury 2010 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + | + + | Acceptable |
Goldstein 2020 | + + | + | + | / | - | + | + + | + + | + + | + + | + | Acceptable |
Gontarev 2018 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + | + + | Acceptable |
Kryst 2016 | + + | + | + + | / | - | - | + | + | - | + | + + | Low |
Lopes 2018 | + + | + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + | + + | Acceptable |
Malina 2011 | + + | + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + | + + | Acceptable |
Monyeki 2005 | + + | + + | + | / | - | + | + | + + | + + | + + | + + | Acceptable |
Roberts 2012 | + + | + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + | + | Acceptable |
Santos 2020 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | + | + | + + | + + | + | Acceptable |
Serrano-Gallén 2020 | + + | + | + | / | - | + | + | + + | + + | + + | + | Acceptable |
Šekeljić 2019 | + + | + + | - | / | - | - | + | + + | - | + | + | Low |
Shang 2010 | + + | + + | + | / | - | + + | + | + + | + + | + + | + | Acceptable |
Smith 2020 | + + | + + | + + | / | - | + + | + + | + + | + + | + + | + | Acceptabe |
Verbecque 2022 | + | + + | + | / | - | + + | + | + + | + + | + + | + | Acceptable |
Yip 2022 | + + | + | + | / | - | + | + | - | + | + + | + | Low |
Yip 2024 | + | + | + | / | - | + | + | - | + | + | + | Acceptable |
Zhang 2019 | + | + + | + | / | - | + | + | + + | + + | + + | + | Acceptable |
- Legend: 1.1: The study addresses an appropriate and clearly focused question, 1.2: The cases and controls are taken from comparable populations, 1.3: The same exclusion criteria are used for both cases and controls; 1.4: What percentage (%) of each group (cases and controls) participated in the study, 1.5: Comparison is made between participants and non-participants to establish their similarities or differences, 1.6: Cases are clearly defined and differentiated from controls, 1.7: It is clearly established that controls are non-cases, 1.8: Measures will have been taken to prevent knowledge of primary exposure influencing case ascertainment, 1.9: Exposure status is measured in a standard, valid and reliable way, 1.10: The main potential confounders are identified and taken into account in the design and analysis, 1.11: Confidence intervals are provided, 2.1 How well was the study done to minimize the risk of bias or confounding?.
- “ + + ” All or most of the criteria have been fulfilled. Where they have not been fulfilled the conclusions
- of the study or review are thought very unlikely to alter. “ + ” Some of the criteria have been fulfilled. Those criteria that have not been fulfilled or not adequately described are thought unlikely to alter the conclusions.”- “ Few or no criteria fulfilled. The conclusions of the study are thought likely or very likely to alter; H: High Quality, A: Acceptable quality; R: Reject