Table 2 Characteristics of the Included Studies
Study/Reference | Study design | Study duration | Country | Rural versus urban | Number of children | Age range (years) | The instrument/battery for assessing physical fitness/motor skill | PF/MS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Boys | ||||||||
Armstrong 2016 | CS | 2001–2004 | South African children | Both | 10 285 | 5 604 | 6–13 | EUROFIT: standing long jump, shuttle run, sit and reach, sit-ups and cricket ball throw | PF |
Arsenault 2011 | CS | 2006 | Bogota, Colombia | Urban | 1945 | 916 | 5–12 | EUROFIT: shuttle run, standing long jump | PF |
Battaglia 2021 | CS | 2019- 2020 | Italy | Urban | 1 961 | 1 026 | 6–13 | KTK: jumping laterally, shifting platforms, hopping on one leg | MS |
Bénéfice, 1998 | CS | / | Senegal | Rural | 140 | 66 | 8.5–13.5 | 50-m dash, standing long jump, throw, grip strength, step-test | PF |
Chen 2022 | L | / | Xinjiang China | urban and rural | 17 356 | 8671 | 7–18 | Chinese National Survey Students Constitution and Health guidelines: grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50-m dash, endurance run | PF |
Chowdhury 2010 | CS | / | Santal, India | Rural | 841 | 427 | 5–12 | BOT-2-SF: full push-ups, sit-ups | PF |
BOT-2-SF: drawing lines through crooked path, folding paper, copying a square, copying a star, transferring pennies, jumping in place, tapping feet and finger, walking forward on a line, standing on one leg, one-legged stationary hop, dropping and catching ball, dribbling a ball, | MS | ||||||||
Goldstein 2020 | CS | / | Israel | Urban | 286 | 144 | 7–9 years | Standing long-jump, vertical jump test, bent arm hang test, modified pull-up test | PF |
KTK | MS | ||||||||
Gontarev 2018 | CS | 2013 | Macedonia | Both | 9 081 | 4 608 | 6–14 years | EUROFIT: sit-ups, bent arm hang, handgrip test, sit and reach, 4 × 10 shuttle run, standing broad jump | PF |
Kryst 2016 | L | 2007–2011 | Poland: Kraków and Tarnów | Urban | 469 | 252 | 4–6 years | EUROFIT: sit and reach, standing broad jump, handgrip test | PF |
Lopes 2018 | CS | / | Azores islands, Portugal | Urban | 3 738 | 1 912 | 6–10 | KTK | MS |
Malina 2011 | CS | / | Mexico | Both | 152 | 73 | 6–12 | Sit and reach, sit-ups, distance run, hand grip strength, standing long jump, 50-m dash | PF |
Monyeki 2005 | CS | 2000 | South Africa | Rural | 855 | 462 | 7–14 | EUROFIT: bent arm hang, standing long jump, sit-ups, sit and reach, 10 × 5 m shuttle run, plate tapping and flamingo balance | PF |
Roberts 2012 | CS | 2001–2008 | all across the United States | Both | 4 650 | 2 150 | 4.6–6.2 | BOT-MP: standing long jump, balance on one foot, skipping 8 steps | PF |
MABC: Catching beanbag, walking backwards | MS | ||||||||
Santos 2020 | L | 2009- 2010 | Peru, South America | Both | 483 | 246 | 6–12 year | EUROFIT: grip strength, standing long jump, shuttle-run AAHPERD: 12 min run | PF |
Serrano-Gallén 2022 | CS | 2019 | Cuenca, Spain | urban | 150 | 70 | 3–6 years | PREFIT: grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, 20-m shuttle run | PF |
Šekeljić 2019 | CS | / | Serbia | Urban | 180 | 180 | 10 | Standing long jump, throwing a medicine ball, lifting the trunk, stretching the trunk, Hanging pull-ups (sec), grip strength, 20-m run, 30-m run, hand plate tapping, leg plate tapping, deep bent(cm), spagat(cm) | PF |
Standing on one leg across the balance bench, standing on one leg with eyes closed, twenty steps with moving through the sticks, bouncing of a ball, shooting a horizontal target, darts | MS | ||||||||
Shang 2010 | CS | / | Eastern China | Urban | 226 | 70 | 6–12 | Standing long jump, 50-m dash, 8 × 50 m shuttle run | PF |
Smith 2020 | CS | 2015 | South Africa | Both | 965 | 498 | 8–12 | EUROFIT: 20-m shuttle run test, grip strength, standing long jump | PF |
Verbecque 2022 | CS | 2019 | Ghana and South Africa | Both | 853 | 459 | 5.8–12.9 | PERF-FIT: running, stepping, side jump, standing long jump (peak power), overhead throw | PF |
Yip 2022 | CS | 2017–2018 | Hong Kong, China | Urban | 5 909 | 2 688 | 6–17 | EUROFIT: grip strength, Push-ups, mini-sit-ups, sit and reach, 6 min run/walk, 9 min run/walk | PF |
Yip 2024 | CS | 2018- 2019 | Hong Kong China | Urban | 90 684 | 46 707 | 6–12 | EUROFIT: grip strength, sit-ups, sit and reach, endurance run | PF |
Zhang 2019 | CS | 2015 | China | Both | 5 254 | 2 526 | 8.6–12.5 | 15-m PACER, standing long jump, 50-m sprint | PF |