Table 3 Standardized mean differences in physical fitness and motor skills between underweight and NW children
| Â | Number of studies | % of insignificant results | Standardized Mean Difference | 95% confidence interval | Prediction interval | Heterogeneity (I2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | Upper | Lower | Â | ||||
Physial Fitness (overall) | 17 | 64.5% | −0.10 | −0.14 | −0.07 | −0.51 | 0.31 | 94.7% |
Asia (all absolute measures) | 6 | 63.9% | −0.14 | −0.18 | −0.10 | −0.60 | 0.18 | 96% |
- Strength/Power | 5 | 41% | −0.21 | −0.28 | −0.14 | −0.60 | 0.18 | 97.3% |
o Upper limb o Lower limb o Trunk | 2 | 16.7% | −0.34 | −0.45 | −0.22 | −0.77 | 0.09 | 95.9% |
3 | 66.7% | −0.09 | −0.18 | −0.001 | −0.40 | 0.22 | 87.3% | |
1 | 0% | −0.15 | −0.24 | −0.05 | −1.38 | 1.08 | 94.9% | |
o (Sub)maximal o Endurance | 5 | 44% | −0.24 | −0.32 | −0.15 | −0.66 | 0.19 | 96.2% |
2 | 33.3% | −0.11 | −0.18 | −0.04 | −0.36 | 0.14 | 94.3% | |
- Anaerobic capacity | 3 | 41.6% | −0.15 | −0.18 | −0.12 | −0.20 | −0.09 | 12% |
- Aerobic capacity | 5 | 83.3% | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 45.5% |
- Flexibility | 2 | 54.5% | −0.21 | −0.27 | −0.14 | −0.40 | −0.01 | 83.9% |
North America and Europe | 5 | 68.2% | −0.05 | −0.10 | 0.01 | −0.49 | 0.40 | 77.7% |
- Strength/Power | 5 | 67.2% | −0.05 | −0.12 | 0.02 | −0.53 | 0.44 | 80.8% |
- Anaerobic capacity | 1 | 100% | 0.01 | −0.17 | 0.19 | −0.39 | 0.41 | 0% |
- Aerobic capacity | 4 | 70% | 0.01 | −0.23 | 0.25 | −0.83 | 0.86 | 87.9% |
- Flexibility | 4 | 100% | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.01 | −0.14 | 0.01 | 0% |
Africa | 5 | 62.2% | −0.14 | −0.24 | −0.03 | −0.70 | 0.43 | 85.8% |
- Strength/Power | 5 | 55% | −0.27 | −0.41 | −0.12 | −0.85 | 0.31 | 83.3% |
o Upper limb o Lower limb o Trunk | 4 | 18.2% | −0.19 | −0.42 | 0.05 | −0.91 | 0.54 | 79.5% |
4 | 66.7% | −0.34 | −0.56 | −0.12 | −1.00 | 0.32 | 76.6% | |
2 | 0% | −0.22 | −0.75 | 0.30 | - | - | 96% | |
o (Sub)maximal | 5 | 58.8% | −0.34 | −0.46 | −0.21 | −0.76 | 0.08 | 64.7% |
o Endurance | 2 | 33.3% | −0.04 | −0.51 | 0.43 | −6.01 | 5.98 | 96.5% |
o Absolute measures | 5 | 53.3% | −0.25 | −0.42 | −0.09 | −0.88 | 0.38 | 86.7% |
o Relative measures | 2 | 60.0% | −0.32 | −0.58 | −0.50 | 1.09 | 0.46 | 47.2% |
- Anaerobic capacity | 3 | 80% | −0.03 | −0.20 | 0.14 | −0.54 | 0.49 | 70.3% |
- Aerobic capacity | 3 | 50% | 0.18 | −0.05 | 0.40 | −0.85 | 1.20 | 84.7% |
- Flexibility | 3 | 66.7% | −0.16 | −0.27 | −0.04 | −1.12 | 0.81 | 20.8% |
Motor skills (overall) | 5 | 82.5% | −0.12 | −0.16 | −0.08 | −0.40 | 0.16 | 48.6 |