Fig. 2

Association between GDM and offspring’s externalising problems at 4-6 and 7-10 year of age. The forest plot is showing Regression Coefficient (β) and random effect (RE) for externalising problems in children 4–6 and 7–10 years of age exposed to GDM versus children not exposed to GDM. Model 1 (a) and (d) include crude estimates, model 2 (b) and (e) full adjustment for child sex, maternal age, plurality and parity, BMI, pregnancy weight gain, maternal smoking and sensitivity adjustments (model 3 (c) and (f)) include full adjustment and EU-SILC. The Sensitivity adjustment excludes the Raine Study